In recent games, Arsenal have stumbled by their usual high standards with losses to Manchester City and Bournemouth in the Premier League and Championship club Southampton in the FA Cup.

In the Carabao Cup final, Manchester City boss Guardiola appeared to nullify much of Arsenal's build-up with ease.

City set up in a 4-2-4 block with Erling Haaland and Rayan Cherki blocking the middle of the pitch, while Antoine Semenyo and Jeremy Doku pressed Arsenal's centre-backs, angling their bodies in ways that blocked passes to the full-backs.

Arsenal struggled for a few reasons.

City's 4-2-4 allowed Arsenal's central defenders to keep the ball, engaging less proactively compared with Bournemouth. The key for City was to make it hard for Arsenal to access their midfield duo, while giving them reasons to doubt the pass into their full-backs, and ultimately enticing Arteta's team to play the ball long where City then had a back four and one or two midfielders back - ready to mop up loose passes.

Bournemouth looked to apply pressure more aggressively. Instead of lining up with a flat front four, their left-sided midfielder James Tavernier moved inside to support his central midfielders - particularly when Kai Havertz dropped deep looking to form a midfield three with Martin Zubimendi and Declan Rice.

This decision left Ben White free at right-back, but striker Evanilson constantly looked to curve his runs to block off passes to the right, making accessing the full-back harder.

City and Bournemouth's press differed slightly but there were principles both used that were effective - one being how both sides looked to funnel Arsenal's play down the left. Gabriel was challenged to dictate the game from deep areas, something his counterpart William Saliba is better at.

When play was forced down that side, Andoni Iraola's team were able to lock on in a man-to-man fashion. When this happened, Arsenal's players and coach alike often gestured to Gabriel to look long for striker Viktor Gyokeres.

Since the turn of year, Arsenal have leaned into attacking the spaces that open up when opponents press man-to-man with the likes of Noni Madueke, Gyokeres, Gabriel Martinelli and Havertz, in theory, having the underlying skillset to punish teams in transition.

The issue against Bournemouth was that Sweden forward Gyokeres, contrary to his physical frame, has struggled to win his individual duels against Premier League defenders, leading to Arsenal failing to dominate possession and get up the pitch. His strengths instead lie in getting his team forward by running the channels, where he showcases strong ball-carrying ability.

Against Sporting, Havertz came on as a striker and looked to make the ball stick more often. Eze played behind him and the pair combined well with long passes hitting the tall German before bouncing into the space Eze arrived into.

This focus on central play throughout the team against Sporting was an encouraging change in intent too, suiting Eze personally and Arsenal broadly.

If Arsenal are to improve their ball progression, this might be a duo Arteta relies on more often.

In recent games, Arsenal have still tried to play out of pressure through short passes - attempting to play down the right flank as teams have tried to force them down their left.

There were examples of build-up play that helped Arteta's side escape pressure before failing to capitalise on their good work because of poor individual actions.

Against City, with goalkeeper David Raya involved in deep build-up, Arsenal were able to shift the ball to the far side while outnumbering City's front four.

Havertz often dropped deep from his number 10 position into midfield and when he did Bernardo Silva defended him tightly. This left Ben White free, who combined with Havertz to help Arsenal bypass City's press.

Liverpool similarly found some joy with three players in the first line. They did this by moving Curtis Jones from midfield into defence, pushing Ibrahima Konate and Virgil van Dijk wider, rather than having their keeper become the third defender.

Jones broke the lines through City's front four to find Liverpool's midfielders around the City midfield duo. Florian Wirtz moved infield from the left wing to join Ryan Gravenberch and Dominik Szoboszlai in what became a three-v-two situation.

Another solution Arsenal have used comes in the form of central midfielders suddenly dropping deep to receive passes from the centre-backs. Opponents who man-mark are always reacting to the actions of the attacking team so a sudden movement can provide a moment of unmarked time on the ball.

As mentioned earlier, against Bournemouth, Havertz attracted left midfielder Tavernier which left White free. Raya found Rice who sharply moved into space before sweeping the ball into the area where White was unmarked.

In this example the pass was overhit, a pattern that is becoming more common, but the patterns on show against this type of pressure worked more than a few times and are ideas worth persevering with.

Defensively, Arsenal will need to be alert to the threat Nico O'Reilly possesses. The versatile 21-year-old has underpinned much of City's revival starting at the back end of last season, and scored twice against Arsenal and once against Chelsea in recent weeks.

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Through his unusual positioning, he often finds himself in areas in between traditional positions - not as a left-back, or a winger, or an attacker on the last line, but arriving into these areas for brief moments. This makes it hard for teams to defend against him.

Arsenal alternated between having Saka and Zubimendi pick up O'Reilly with both men responsible for losing him for a goal each. Chelsea had Andrey Santos almost man-mark O'Reilly wherever he went too, but the Brazilian midfielder eventually lost his individual duel as O'Reilly towered over him to put Manchester City ahead.

Arsenal have shown glimpses of having the answer to some of the many questions they have been asked in recent weeks, but have lacked the ability to complete those moves consistently with sloppy passes creeping into their usually reliable game.

The loss of Bukayo Saka to injury has dampened their ability to pin teams back and dominate the game in the final third as often as they did with him in the starting eleven.

Paired with what looks like a more cautious approach on the ball from some of their players, an argument can be made that the physical and mental aspects of the title race are taking a toll.

As Arteta continues to galvanise Arsenal's players and fans, it appears he feels the mental part of the game is key to competing with a Manchester City side in the ascendency.

Dealing with that, while having to ensure the right tactical tweaks are made game-on-game, makes the final few weeks no easy challenge - but Arteta and his players may be closer to wrapping up a historic campaign than fan sentiment suggests.